In the Old Testament, “peace” carries the fundamental meaning of welfare, prosperity, or wholeness as well as the absence of hostility (compare Westermann, “Peace [Shalom],” 20, 44–53). The term is frequently used as the antithesis of harm (רָעָה, ra'ah; compare 1 Sam 20:7; Jer 29:11; 38:4) and as a synonym for what is good (טוֹב, tov; Deut 23:6; Ezra 9:12; Jer 33:9).
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